{"id":2521,"date":"2023-10-13T04:39:35","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T04:39:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/?p=2521"},"modified":"2023-10-13T04:47:45","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T04:47:45","slug":"7-types-of-stone-tools-used-by-our-ancestors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/7-types-of-stone-tools-used-by-our-ancestors\/","title":{"rendered":"7 Types of Stone Tools Used by Our Ancestors"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2521\" class=\"elementor elementor-2521\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dbdee67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dbdee67\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42042d30\" data-id=\"42042d30\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-785702b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"785702b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ae428ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ae428ae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39a43b81\" data-id=\"39a43b81\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03ec9a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03ec9a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Our ancestors have used stone tools longer than any other type of tool to date. I cover the history of stone tool use throughout human history and across many different continents in a brief blog which I will link <a href=\"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/a-brief-history-of-flint-knapping\/\">here<\/a> if you are curious or need to more clarification. Even though many people are aware of the idea that our ancestors used stone tools to live, I don\u2019t think they understand the efficiency, simplicity, and diversity of the tools that they relied upon.<\/p>\n<p>Many think that stone tools lack in function and efficiency when compared to copper or steel tools of today and while that can be the case in certain areas, it is not always a true statement. After first getting into flint knapping and learning about how the use of the tools had evolved from simple tools (almost crafted by accident) into tools that took a lot of skill and were carefully crafted my mind was blown.<\/p>\n<p>The tools ranged from a variety of different hand tools which were attached to wooden handles or other various methods. I personally find it fascinating and very human like to craft intricate tools with materials available to our natural surroundings. After spending some time flint knapping myself I can say that given the amount of limitations our ancestors had, they were highly talented and intelligent individuals, capable of adapting to their environment. Do note that not all stone tools were made from flint though. Many were ground to shape using a grinding stone of some sort. I will go more into detail regarding this subject when talking about said tools.<\/p>\n<p>I hope to describe to you various types of flake tools, axes\/celts, adzes, scrapers, arrowheads, knives and drills. &nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cd41033 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cd41033\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f78f96a\" data-id=\"7f78f96a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587180bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"587180bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e7882b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e7882b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25c91b27\" data-id=\"25c91b27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4aa8c571 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4aa8c571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.\tFlake Tools <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-101579fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"101579fc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e0f73\" data-id=\"5e5e0f73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c1be2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c1be2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As I discussed in my older blog linked above, some of the first tools created\/used by our ancestors were flake tools. Flake tools are just sharp, thin pieces of rocks that were used for quick cutting. Many big game animals were butchered using simple flake tools due to their sharpness.<\/p><p>Some flakes I have felt from various stones are VERY sharp and could easily cut me if I applied any bit of pressure in any direction. Other types of bladelike flake tools were created from a stone with a flat surface where people would use antler, bone, or other hard materials to punch or directly knock flakes or blades from the stone\/core. Flakes are also created as a byproduct to flint knapping due to the reduction of larger stone pieces into bifaces for more intricate tools. I also wrote a blog about how monkeys are being observed accidentally making flak tools as a byproduct of using the rocks as hammerstones (<a href=\"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/how-monkeys-are-making-stone-flakes\/\">linked here<\/a>).\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3bfa2bbc\" data-id=\"3bfa2bbc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2acfe3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2acfe3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/flakes-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1851\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/flakes-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/flakes-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/flakes-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/flakes-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/flakes.jpg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-49af5985 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"49af5985\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-255ec4d4\" data-id=\"255ec4d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf47437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5bf47437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f56918d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f56918d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a4b72bc\" data-id=\"7a4b72bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6344cd71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6344cd71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Axe<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b72f99f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1b72f99f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c793e56\" data-id=\"3c793e56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b94f08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b94f08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stone axes are another example of relatively simple tools that could also be considered to be more intricate in certain circumstances. Some stone axes were knapped from flint, though a majority were made of \u201csoft stone\u201d like granite and grinded down or pecked at with other rock to be shaped into an axe like shape. Some axes were ground to have groves towards the back as to be fastened or tied around for a better quality too with plant fibers or sinew (tendons strands from big game animals such as deer and elk)l, though this didn\u2019t arise until more \u201crecent\u201d ages within North America.<\/p><p>Stone aces were used in the same way that modern axes are as you may have guessed. The only difference is that these tools are somewhat less efficient in removing wood material compared to iron and take a relatively long time to make in comparison to a blacksmith making an axe from a block of steel (if you remove finding\/mining and smelting the iron).<\/p><p>That being said axes are primarily a wood working tool used to cutting down trees, splitting wood or removing large amounts of wood.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-552b8124 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"552b8124\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4856a2b7\" data-id=\"4856a2b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-327cdea elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"327cdea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59c51ea6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59c51ea6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-34e96072\" data-id=\"34e96072\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69f5c093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69f5c093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3.\tAdze\/Celt<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7dc0b14f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7dc0b14f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da2bb01\" data-id=\"da2bb01\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d263029 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d263029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adzes and Celts were also used for a variety of tasks, some of which included wood work. Adzes are pretty common in other countries today even though you don\u2019t see them a whole lot in the United States within modern production. They kind of look like that of a hoe but are fastened directly to a wood insert and tied with the same cordage mentioned above as to compress the stone and prevent it from coming out.<\/p><p>Celts are kind of in this weird in-between zone. Some people claim that they were used like stone axes, but they lack the grove used to haft them to the handle.\u00a0 I have also seen images of people using Celts like adzes. I am personally confused in how they were used as it does not seem to be black and white.<\/p><p>Both tools are used for more intricate woodwork rather than cutting down trees, but I am sure a Celt could probably get the job done if that is what you wish. Many people also used adzes for tilling in the garden, which I thought was interesting. I would like to make one in the future as my flint knapping skill increases.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffc52b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffc52b1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d1b8e4\" data-id=\"16d1b8e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ce820d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8ce820d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55095c8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55095c8e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31a9bdb1\" data-id=\"31a9bdb1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6594878a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6594878a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4.\tScraper <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27525e7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27525e7c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4eb369d9\" data-id=\"4eb369d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f35f00f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f35f00f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scrapers were a versatile and great tool to have around, especially for woodworking and animal harvesting. Scrapers were used to take off fine amounts of wood and were also used to help remove excess material from animal hides that need to be tanned. Scrapers could also be used to help clean bones and create more tools or clean them up for decorative purposes. This is important as without it, the hides would rot.<\/p><p>Scrapers were not always knapped form flint, but they are commonly found in rock form, though some were made from bone. These were an essential part of life for our ancestors who relied on fine craftsmanship to get them through a new season\/year.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ef0d779 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ef0d779\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bccb310\" data-id=\"6bccb310\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1198ffc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1198ffc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c7f056a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c7f056a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28f403fe\" data-id=\"28f403fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-592cd7f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"592cd7f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5.\tArrowheads\/Spear Points<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2c69a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2c69a6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21b50fe2\" data-id=\"21b50fe2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa929f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa929f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arrowheads and spear points are some of the most well-known types of stone tools. These are typically what most hobbyist and collectors are interested in finding due to their interesting appearance and exceptional craftsmanship, though there were definitely some poorly created points.<\/p><p>Both of these types of stone tools were hafted to the end of either a fore-shaft or directly to the shaft of an arrow or spear. These were hunting implements used for killing and harvesting game of various shapes and sizes via the use of the bow or atlatl. Many cultures or tribes had their own style of making and hafting these tools which is why when you look at archeological records across various continents there seems to be a lot of diversity in the size and design. \u00a0<\/p><p>Typically these points are made of a knappable material like flint, chert, and silicified sandstone to name a few. They were created using natural recourses such as bone, wood, rock, and antler. Copper was used in certain instances, but that was usually around regions that had access to it. If you are curious in how these points may have been made check out my <a href=\"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/how-i-make-an-arrowhead-step-by-step\/\">blog<\/a> detailing the process or look at my <a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PL4H9Te2Z6km98axRMbHWppucymP6ebSGL&amp;si=lw-_z5O6MTDbf2Rv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flint knapping playlist<\/a> on YouTube if you would like to see a visual representation. These tools are typically made from thicker flakes and are usually relatively intricate tools. These points range from a few inches long and wide to giant points greater than 3 inches, though larger points are uncommon.<\/p><p>Don\u2019t doubt the efficiency of these tools to take down large game. Many of these tools were strong enough to kill bison and other large game. There are videos on <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZjLn-OW35vY?si=4NC4AaO2JQEMnG58\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube where people use an atlatl to throw a spear and take down a bison with stone\/\u201dprimitive\u201d tools. \u00a0<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a55e6c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a55e6c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27bf6ec\" data-id=\"27bf6ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e4bf8ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6e4bf8ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-502982db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"502982db\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f820c48\" data-id=\"1f820c48\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a447d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a447d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6.\tKnives<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d740592 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d740592\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13da16de\" data-id=\"13da16de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e82da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14e82da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stone knives are created using the same method as I mentioned above. Stone knives were created form the same material that they used to create arrowheads and stone points from and can range greatly in size, thickness, and length.<\/p>\n<p>Many knives were used for cutting fibrous materials or pieces of meat, though blade tools mentioned above could also be used. It was most likely used similar to that of a pocket knife. It is a common tool that was used to do a lot of resource gathering for various items and housing materials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53d72fa2\" data-id=\"53d72fa2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb8bd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2eb8bd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/flintcomp-e1675314992730-768x558.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1122\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/flintcomp-e1675314992730-768x558.jpg 768w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/flintcomp-e1675314992730-600x436.jpg 600w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/flintcomp-e1675314992730-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/flintcomp-e1675314992730-1024x744.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/flintcomp-e1675314992730.jpg 1209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2727e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d2727e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Knife Artifact Pictured On Right<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d3f8f25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d3f8f25\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-690c0f8\" data-id=\"690c0f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65b06ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"65b06ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b984cb5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b984cb5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2010dbe8\" data-id=\"2010dbe8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1912248b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1912248b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7.\tDrills<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b61be3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b61be3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-320dffe4\" data-id=\"320dffe4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb8be0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb8be0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Another tool that was used to aid in the creation of tools and other projects is the stone drill. The stone drill had many different forms. Some drills were able to be used by hand, while others were made to be attached to some type of shaft\/limb to be used in a downward motion or with a bow (bow drills\/pump drills).<\/p><p>These tools were also typically made from a knappable material and repurposed from previous arrowhead\/dart points. They were used to perforate many different materials ranging from wood to bone and even rock. Drills range between 2-4 inches and length and look like mini versions of hand axes to me.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-132c4851 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"132c4851\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fe25906\" data-id=\"1fe25906\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a19a413 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3a19a413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f237139 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f237139\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37450a8\" data-id=\"37450a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b67863 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b67863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a63128 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a63128\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14236a6\" data-id=\"14236a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8937da3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8937da3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It may be hard to imagine a world in which all the tools we had or needed were created by ourselves or someone we know within our community. I struggle sometimes to break free of the modern day convenience and mindless consumerism in that sense. I find it important to remind myself that you don\u2019t have to buy everything you want. There is great reward in doing something yourself and understanding how something came to be from start to finish.<\/p><p>When I describe the amount of creativity, skill, and overall innovation our ancestors had to have in order to survive such a hard life, I find it motivational to try and implement that in my life. I realize that it is nearly impossible to do justice for the spiritual and existential impact that stone tools have on me. There is nothing more human that using the bare minimum to help make a task far easier.<\/p><p>Of the tools I mentioned today, there are far more that I didn\u2019t list. Stone tools were used in almost every faucet of everyday living. Stone tools were used for tool creation, cooking, boat building, house building, hunting, resource gathering\/foraging, gardening\/farming, self-preservation, etc. I feel that if we as individuals were able to recreate this amount of self-reliance with metal tools at a community or state level a lot of the issues we see today would be cured or partially mitigated.<\/p><p>Just some food for thought though.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a26178 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a26178\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dbce321\" data-id=\"dbce321\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da374e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"da374e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Our ancestors have used stone tools longer than any other type of tool to date. I cover the history of stone tool use throughout human history and across many different continents in a brief blog which I will link here if you are curious or need to more clarification. Even though many people are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2539,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/obsidian.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2521"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2521"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2540,"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2521\/revisions\/2540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flintandfish.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}